# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# pyglet
# Copyright (c) 2006-2008 Alex Holkner
# Copyright (c) 2008-2020 pyglet contributors
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
#  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
#    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
#    distribution.
#  * Neither the name of pyglet nor the names of its
#    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
#    derived from this software without specific prior written
#    permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
# LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
# ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext'
__version__ = '$Id$'

from builtins import chr, str

from ctypes import *
import unicodedata
import warnings

import pyglet
from pyglet.window import WindowException, NoSuchDisplayException, MouseCursorException
from pyglet.window import MouseCursor, DefaultMouseCursor, ImageMouseCursor
from pyglet.window import BaseWindow, _PlatformEventHandler, _ViewEventHandler

from pyglet.window import key
from pyglet.window import mouse
from pyglet.event import EventDispatcher

from pyglet.canvas.xlib import XlibCanvas

from pyglet.libs.x11 import xlib
from pyglet.libs.x11 import cursorfont

from pyglet.compat import asbytes

try:
    from pyglet.libs.x11 import xsync
    _have_xsync = True
except ImportError:
    _have_xsync = False


class mwmhints_t(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ('flags', c_uint32),
        ('functions', c_uint32),
        ('decorations', c_uint32),
        ('input_mode', c_int32),
        ('status', c_uint32)
    ]


# XXX: wraptypes can't parse the header this function is in yet
XkbSetDetectableAutoRepeat = xlib._lib.XkbSetDetectableAutoRepeat
XkbSetDetectableAutoRepeat.restype = c_int
XkbSetDetectableAutoRepeat.argtypes = [POINTER(xlib.Display), c_int, POINTER(c_int)]
_can_detect_autorepeat = None

XA_CARDINAL = 6  # Xatom.h:14

# Do we have the November 2000 UTF8 extension?
_have_utf8 = hasattr(xlib._lib, 'Xutf8TextListToTextProperty')

# symbol,ctrl -> motion mapping
_motion_map = {
    (key.UP, False):        key.MOTION_UP,
    (key.RIGHT, False):     key.MOTION_RIGHT,
    (key.DOWN, False):      key.MOTION_DOWN,
    (key.LEFT, False):      key.MOTION_LEFT,
    (key.RIGHT, True):      key.MOTION_NEXT_WORD,
    (key.LEFT, True):       key.MOTION_PREVIOUS_WORD,
    (key.HOME, False):      key.MOTION_BEGINNING_OF_LINE,
    (key.END, False):       key.MOTION_END_OF_LINE,
    (key.PAGEUP, False):    key.MOTION_PREVIOUS_PAGE,
    (key.PAGEDOWN, False):  key.MOTION_NEXT_PAGE,
    (key.HOME, True):       key.MOTION_BEGINNING_OF_FILE,
    (key.END, True):        key.MOTION_END_OF_FILE,
    (key.BACKSPACE, False): key.MOTION_BACKSPACE,
    (key.DELETE, False):    key.MOTION_DELETE,
}


class XlibException(WindowException):
    """An X11-specific exception.  This exception is probably a programming
    error in pyglet."""
    pass


class XlibMouseCursor(MouseCursor):
    drawable = False

    def __init__(self, cursor):
        self.cursor = cursor


# Platform event data is single item, so use platform event handler directly.
XlibEventHandler = _PlatformEventHandler
ViewEventHandler = _ViewEventHandler


class XlibWindow(BaseWindow):
    _x_display = None               # X display connection
    _x_screen_id = None             # X screen index
    _x_ic = None                    # X input context
    _window = None                  # Xlib window handle
    _minimum_size = None
    _maximum_size = None
    _override_redirect = False

    _x = 0
    _y = 0                          # Last known window position
    _width = 0
    _height = 0                     # Last known window size
    _mouse_exclusive_client = None  # x,y of "real" mouse during exclusive
    _mouse_buttons = [False] * 6    # State of each xlib button
    _keyboard_exclusive = False
    _active = True
    _applied_mouse_exclusive = False
    _applied_keyboard_exclusive = False
    _mapped = False
    _lost_context = False
    _lost_context_state = False

    _enable_xsync = False
    _current_sync_value = None
    _current_sync_valid = False

    _default_event_mask = (0x1ffffff & ~xlib.PointerMotionHintMask
                                     & ~xlib.ResizeRedirectMask
                                     & ~xlib.SubstructureNotifyMask)

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Bind event handlers
        self._event_handlers = {}
        self._view_event_handlers = {}
        for name in self._platform_event_names:
            if not hasattr(self, name):
                continue
            func = getattr(self, name)
            for message in func._platform_event_data:
                if hasattr(func, '_view'):
                    self._view_event_handlers[message] = func
                else:
                    self._event_handlers[message] = func

        super(XlibWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        global _can_detect_autorepeat
        if _can_detect_autorepeat is None:
            supported_rtrn = c_int()
            _can_detect_autorepeat = XkbSetDetectableAutoRepeat(self.display._display, c_int(1),
                                                                byref(supported_rtrn))
        if _can_detect_autorepeat:
            self.pressed_keys = set()

    def _recreate(self, changes):
        # If flipping to/from fullscreen, need to recreate the window.  (This
        # is the case with both override_redirect method and
        # _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN).
        #
        # A possible improvement could be to just hide the top window,
        # destroy the GLX window, and reshow it again when leaving fullscreen.
        # This would prevent the floating window from being moved by the
        # WM.
        if 'fullscreen' in changes or 'resizable' in changes:
            # clear out the GLX context
            self.context.detach()
            xlib.XDestroyWindow(self._x_display, self._window)
            del self.display._window_map[self._window]
            del self.display._window_map[self._view]
            self._window = None
            self._mapped = False

        # TODO: detect state loss only by examining context share.
        if 'context' in changes:
            self._lost_context = True
            self._lost_context_state = True

        self._create()

    def _create(self):
        # Unmap existing window if necessary while we fiddle with it.
        if self._window and self._mapped:
            self._unmap()

        self._x_display = self.display._display
        self._x_screen_id = self.display.x_screen

        # Create X window if not already existing.
        if not self._window:
            root = xlib.XRootWindow(self._x_display, self._x_screen_id)

            visual_info = self.config.get_visual_info()

            visual = visual_info.visual
            visual_id = xlib.XVisualIDFromVisual(visual)
            default_visual = xlib.XDefaultVisual(self._x_display, self._x_screen_id)
            default_visual_id = xlib.XVisualIDFromVisual(default_visual)
            window_attributes = xlib.XSetWindowAttributes()
            if visual_id != default_visual_id:
                window_attributes.colormap = xlib.XCreateColormap(self._x_display, root,
                                                                  visual, xlib.AllocNone)
            else:
                window_attributes.colormap = xlib.XDefaultColormap(self._x_display,
                                                                   self._x_screen_id)
            window_attributes.bit_gravity = xlib.StaticGravity

            # Issue 287: Compiz on Intel/Mesa doesn't draw window decoration
            #            unless CWBackPixel is given in mask.  Should have
            #            no effect on other systems, so it's set
            #            unconditionally.
            mask = xlib.CWColormap | xlib.CWBitGravity | xlib.CWBackPixel

            if self._fullscreen:
                width, height = self.screen.width, self.screen.height
                self._view_x = (width - self._width) // 2
                self._view_y = (height - self._height) // 2
            else:
                width, height = self._width, self._height
                self._view_x = self._view_y = 0

            self._window = xlib.XCreateWindow(self._x_display, root,
                                              0, 0, width, height, 0, visual_info.depth,
                                              xlib.InputOutput, visual, mask,
                                              byref(window_attributes))
            self._view = xlib.XCreateWindow(self._x_display,
                                            self._window, self._view_x, self._view_y,
                                            self._width, self._height, 0, visual_info.depth,
                                            xlib.InputOutput, visual, mask,
                                            byref(window_attributes))
            xlib.XMapWindow(self._x_display, self._view)
            xlib.XSelectInput(self._x_display, self._view, self._default_event_mask)

            self.display._window_map[self._window] = self.dispatch_platform_event
            self.display._window_map[self._view] = self.dispatch_platform_event_view

            self.canvas = XlibCanvas(self.display, self._view)

            self.context.attach(self.canvas)
            self.context.set_vsync(self._vsync) # XXX ?

            # Setting null background pixmap disables drawing the background,
            # preventing flicker while resizing (in theory).
            #
            # Issue 287: Compiz on Intel/Mesa doesn't draw window decoration if
            #            this is called.  As it doesn't seem to have any
            #            effect anyway, it's just commented out.
            # xlib.XSetWindowBackgroundPixmap(self._x_display, self._window, 0)

            self._enable_xsync = (pyglet.options['xsync'] and
                                  self.display._enable_xsync and
                                  self.config.double_buffer)

            # Set supported protocols
            protocols = []
            protocols.append(xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'), False))
            if self._enable_xsync:
                protocols.append(xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display,
                                                  asbytes('_NET_WM_SYNC_REQUEST'),
                                                  False))
            protocols = (c_ulong * len(protocols))(*protocols)
            xlib.XSetWMProtocols(self._x_display, self._window, protocols, len(protocols))

            # Create window resize sync counter
            if self._enable_xsync:
                value = xsync.XSyncValue()
                self._sync_counter = xlib.XID(xsync.XSyncCreateCounter(self._x_display, value))
                atom = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display,
                                        asbytes('_NET_WM_SYNC_REQUEST_COUNTER'), False)
                ptr = pointer(self._sync_counter)

                xlib.XChangeProperty(self._x_display, self._window,
                                     atom, XA_CARDINAL, 32,
                                     xlib.PropModeReplace,
                                     cast(ptr, POINTER(c_ubyte)), 1)
        # Set window attributes
        attributes = xlib.XSetWindowAttributes()
        attributes_mask = 0

        self._override_redirect = False
        if self._fullscreen:
            if pyglet.options['xlib_fullscreen_override_redirect']:
                # Try not to use this any more, it causes problems; disabled
                # by default in favour of _NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN.
                attributes.override_redirect = self._fullscreen
                attributes_mask |= xlib.CWOverrideRedirect
                self._override_redirect = True
            else:
                self._set_wm_state('_NET_WM_STATE_FULLSCREEN')

        if self._fullscreen:
            xlib.XMoveResizeWindow(self._x_display, self._window,
                                   self.screen.x, self.screen.y,
                                   self.screen.width, self.screen.height)
        else:
            xlib.XResizeWindow(self._x_display, self._window, self._width, self._height)

        xlib.XChangeWindowAttributes(self._x_display, self._window,
                                     attributes_mask, byref(attributes))

        # Set style
        styles = {
            self.WINDOW_STYLE_DEFAULT: '_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_NORMAL',
            self.WINDOW_STYLE_DIALOG: '_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_DIALOG',
            self.WINDOW_STYLE_TOOL: '_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE_UTILITY',
        }
        if self._style in styles:
            self._set_atoms_property('_NET_WM_WINDOW_TYPE', (styles[self._style],))
        elif self._style == self.WINDOW_STYLE_BORDERLESS:
            MWM_HINTS_DECORATIONS = 1 << 1
            PROP_MWM_HINTS_ELEMENTS = 5
            mwmhints = mwmhints_t()
            mwmhints.flags = MWM_HINTS_DECORATIONS
            mwmhints.decorations = 0
            name = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('_MOTIF_WM_HINTS'), False)
            xlib.XChangeProperty(self._x_display, self._window,
                                 name, name, 32, xlib.PropModeReplace,
                                 cast(pointer(mwmhints), POINTER(c_ubyte)),
                                 PROP_MWM_HINTS_ELEMENTS)

        # Set resizeable
        if not self._resizable and not self._fullscreen:
            self.set_minimum_size(self._width, self._height)
            self.set_maximum_size(self._width, self._height)

        # Set caption
        self.set_caption(self._caption)

        # Set WM_CLASS for modern desktop environments
        self.set_wm_class(self._caption)

        # this is supported by some compositors (ie gnome-shell), and more to come
        # see: http://standards.freedesktop.org/wm-spec/wm-spec-latest.html#idp6357888
        _NET_WM_BYPASS_COMPOSITOR_HINT_ON = c_ulong(int(self._fullscreen))
        name = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('_NET_WM_BYPASS_COMPOSITOR'), False)
        ptr = pointer(_NET_WM_BYPASS_COMPOSITOR_HINT_ON)

        xlib.XChangeProperty(self._x_display, self._window,
                             name, XA_CARDINAL, 32,
                             xlib.PropModeReplace,
                             cast(ptr, POINTER(c_ubyte)), 1)

        # Create input context.  A good but very outdated reference for this
        # is http://www.sbin.org/doc/Xlib/chapt_11.html
        if _have_utf8 and not self._x_ic:
            if not self.display._x_im:
                xlib.XSetLocaleModifiers(asbytes('@im=none'))
                self.display._x_im = xlib.XOpenIM(self._x_display, None, None, None)

            xlib.XFlush(self._x_display)

            # Need to set argtypes on this function because it's vararg,
            # and ctypes guesses wrong.
            xlib.XCreateIC.argtypes = [xlib.XIM,
                                       c_char_p, c_int,
                                       c_char_p, xlib.Window,
                                       c_char_p, xlib.Window,
                                       c_void_p]
            self._x_ic = xlib.XCreateIC(self.display._x_im,
                                        asbytes('inputStyle'),
                                        xlib.XIMPreeditNothing | xlib.XIMStatusNothing,
                                        asbytes('clientWindow'), self._window,
                                        asbytes('focusWindow'), self._window,
                                        None)

            filter_events = c_ulong()
            xlib.XGetICValues(self._x_ic, 'filterEvents', byref(filter_events), None)
            self._default_event_mask |= filter_events.value
            xlib.XSetICFocus(self._x_ic)

        self.switch_to()
        if self._visible:
            self.set_visible(True)

        self.set_mouse_platform_visible()
        self._applied_mouse_exclusive = None
        self._update_exclusivity()

    def _map(self):
        if self._mapped:
            return

        # Map the window, wait for map event before continuing.
        xlib.XSelectInput(self._x_display, self._window, xlib.StructureNotifyMask)
        xlib.XMapRaised(self._x_display, self._window)
        e = xlib.XEvent()
        while True:
            xlib.XNextEvent(self._x_display, e)
            if e.type == xlib.ConfigureNotify:
                self._width = e.xconfigure.width
                self._height = e.xconfigure.height
            elif e.type == xlib.MapNotify:
                break
        xlib.XSelectInput(self._x_display, self._window, self._default_event_mask)
        self._mapped = True

        if self._override_redirect:
            # Possibly an override_redirect issue.
            self.activate()

        self._update_view_size()

        self.dispatch_event('on_resize', self._width, self._height)
        self.dispatch_event('on_show')
        self.dispatch_event('on_expose')

    def _unmap(self):
        if not self._mapped:
            return

        xlib.XSelectInput(self._x_display, self._window, xlib.StructureNotifyMask)
        xlib.XUnmapWindow(self._x_display, self._window)
        e = xlib.XEvent()
        while True:
            xlib.XNextEvent(self._x_display, e)
            if e.type == xlib.UnmapNotify:
                break

        xlib.XSelectInput(self._x_display, self._window, self._default_event_mask)
        self._mapped = False

    def _get_root(self):
        attributes = xlib.XWindowAttributes()
        xlib.XGetWindowAttributes(self._x_display, self._window, byref(attributes))
        return attributes.root

    def _is_reparented(self):
        root = c_ulong()
        parent = c_ulong()
        children = pointer(c_ulong())
        n_children = c_uint()

        xlib.XQueryTree(self._x_display, self._window,
                        byref(root), byref(parent), byref(children),
                        byref(n_children))

        return root.value != parent.value

    def close(self):
        if not self._window:
            return

        self.context.destroy()
        self._unmap()
        if self._window:
            xlib.XDestroyWindow(self._x_display, self._window)

        del self.display._window_map[self._window]
        del self.display._window_map[self._view]
        self._window = None

        self._view_event_handlers.clear()
        self._event_handlers.clear()

        if _have_utf8:
            xlib.XDestroyIC(self._x_ic)
            self._x_ic = None

        super(XlibWindow, self).close()

    def switch_to(self):
        if self.context:
            self.context.set_current()

    def flip(self):
        self.draw_mouse_cursor()

        # TODO canvas.flip?
        if self.context:
            self.context.flip()

        self._sync_resize()

    def set_vsync(self, vsync):
        if pyglet.options['vsync'] is not None:
            vsync = pyglet.options['vsync']
        self._vsync = vsync
        self.context.set_vsync(vsync)

    def set_caption(self, caption):
        if caption is None:
            caption = ''
        self._caption = caption
        self._set_text_property('WM_NAME', caption, allow_utf8=False)
        self._set_text_property('WM_ICON_NAME', caption, allow_utf8=False)
        self._set_text_property('_NET_WM_NAME', caption)
        self._set_text_property('_NET_WM_ICON_NAME', caption)

    def set_wm_class(self, name):
        # WM_CLASS can only contain Ascii characters
        try:
            name = name.encode('ascii')
        except UnicodeEncodeError:
            name = "pyglet"

        hints = xlib.XAllocClassHint()
        hints.contents.res_class = asbytes(name)
        hints.contents.res_name = asbytes(name.lower())
        xlib.XSetClassHint(self._x_display, self._window, hints.contents)
        xlib.XFree(hints)

    def get_caption(self):
        return self._caption

    def set_size(self, width, height):
        if self._fullscreen:
            raise WindowException('Cannot set size of fullscreen window.')
        self._width = width
        self._height = height
        if not self._resizable:
            self.set_minimum_size(width, height)
            self.set_maximum_size(width, height)
        xlib.XResizeWindow(self._x_display, self._window, width, height)
        self._update_view_size()
        self.dispatch_event('on_resize', width, height)

    def _update_view_size(self):
        xlib.XResizeWindow(self._x_display, self._view, self._width, self._height)

    def get_size(self):
        # XGetGeometry and XWindowAttributes seem to always return the
        # original size of the window, which is wrong after the user
        # has resized it.
        # XXX this is probably fixed now, with fix of resize.
        return self._width, self._height

    def set_location(self, x, y):
        if self._is_reparented():
            # Assume the window manager has reparented our top-level window
            # only once, in which case attributes.x/y give the offset from
            # the frame to the content window.  Better solution would be
            # to use _NET_FRAME_EXTENTS, where supported.
            attributes = xlib.XWindowAttributes()
            xlib.XGetWindowAttributes(self._x_display, self._window, byref(attributes))
            # XXX at least under KDE's WM these attrs are both 0
            x -= attributes.x
            y -= attributes.y
        xlib.XMoveWindow(self._x_display, self._window, x, y)

    def get_location(self):
        child = xlib.Window()
        x = c_int()
        y = c_int()
        xlib.XTranslateCoordinates(self._x_display,
                                   self._window,
                                   self._get_root(),
                                   0, 0,
                                   byref(x),
                                   byref(y),
                                   byref(child))
        return x.value, y.value

    def activate(self):
        # Issue 218
        if self._x_display and self._window:
            xlib.XSetInputFocus(self._x_display, self._window, xlib.RevertToParent, xlib.CurrentTime)

    def set_visible(self, visible=True):
        if visible:
            self._map()
        else:
            self._unmap()
        self._visible = visible

    def set_minimum_size(self, width, height):
        self._minimum_size = width, height
        self._set_wm_normal_hints()

    def set_maximum_size(self, width, height):
        self._maximum_size = width, height
        self._set_wm_normal_hints()

    def minimize(self):
        xlib.XIconifyWindow(self._x_display, self._window, self._x_screen_id)

    def maximize(self):
        self._set_wm_state('_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_HORZ',
                           '_NET_WM_STATE_MAXIMIZED_VERT')

    def set_mouse_platform_visible(self, platform_visible=None):
        if not self._window:
            return
        if platform_visible is None:
            platform_visible = self._mouse_visible and not self._mouse_cursor.drawable

        if not platform_visible:
            # Hide pointer by creating an empty cursor
            black = xlib.XBlackPixel(self._x_display, self._x_screen_id)
            black = xlib.XColor()
            bmp = xlib.XCreateBitmapFromData(self._x_display, self._window, c_buffer(8), 8, 8)
            cursor = xlib.XCreatePixmapCursor(self._x_display, bmp, bmp, black, black, 0, 0)
            xlib.XDefineCursor(self._x_display, self._window, cursor)
            xlib.XFreeCursor(self._x_display, cursor)
            xlib.XFreePixmap(self._x_display, bmp)
        else:
            # Restore cursor
            if isinstance(self._mouse_cursor, XlibMouseCursor):
                xlib.XDefineCursor(self._x_display, self._window, self._mouse_cursor.cursor)
            else:
                xlib.XUndefineCursor(self._x_display, self._window)

    def set_mouse_position(self, x, y):
        xlib.XWarpPointer(self._x_display,
                          0,                    # src window
                          self._window,         # dst window
                          0, 0,                 # src x, y
                          0, 0,                 # src w, h
                          x, self._height - y)

    def _update_exclusivity(self):
        mouse_exclusive = self._active and self._mouse_exclusive
        keyboard_exclusive = self._active and self._keyboard_exclusive

        if mouse_exclusive != self._applied_mouse_exclusive:
            if mouse_exclusive:
                self.set_mouse_platform_visible(False)

                # Restrict to client area
                xlib.XGrabPointer(self._x_display, self._window,
                                  True,
                                  0,
                                  xlib.GrabModeAsync,
                                  xlib.GrabModeAsync,
                                  self._window,
                                  0,
                                  xlib.CurrentTime)

                # Move pointer to center of window
                x = self._width // 2
                y = self._height // 2
                self._mouse_exclusive_client = x, y
                self.set_mouse_position(x, y)
            elif self._fullscreen and not self.screen._xinerama:
                # Restrict to fullscreen area (prevent viewport scrolling)
                self.set_mouse_position(0, 0)
                r = xlib.XGrabPointer(self._x_display, self._view,
                                      True, 0,
                                      xlib.GrabModeAsync,
                                      xlib.GrabModeAsync,
                                      self._view,
                                      0,
                                      xlib.CurrentTime)
                if r:
                    # Failed to grab, try again later
                    self._applied_mouse_exclusive = None
                    return
                self.set_mouse_platform_visible()
            else:
                # Unclip
                xlib.XUngrabPointer(self._x_display, xlib.CurrentTime)
                self.set_mouse_platform_visible()

            self._applied_mouse_exclusive = mouse_exclusive

        if keyboard_exclusive != self._applied_keyboard_exclusive:
            if keyboard_exclusive:
                xlib.XGrabKeyboard(self._x_display,
                                   self._window,
                                   False,
                                   xlib.GrabModeAsync,
                                   xlib.GrabModeAsync,
                                   xlib.CurrentTime)
            else:
                xlib.XUngrabKeyboard(self._x_display, xlib.CurrentTime)
            self._applied_keyboard_exclusive = keyboard_exclusive

    def set_exclusive_mouse(self, exclusive=True):
        if exclusive == self._mouse_exclusive:
            return

        self._mouse_exclusive = exclusive
        self._update_exclusivity()

    def set_exclusive_keyboard(self, exclusive=True):
        if exclusive == self._keyboard_exclusive:
            return

        self._keyboard_exclusive = exclusive
        self._update_exclusivity()

    def get_system_mouse_cursor(self, name):
        if name == self.CURSOR_DEFAULT:
            return DefaultMouseCursor()

        # NQR means default shape is not pretty... surely there is another
        # cursor font?
        cursor_shapes = {
            self.CURSOR_CROSSHAIR:       cursorfont.XC_crosshair,
            self.CURSOR_HAND:            cursorfont.XC_hand2,
            self.CURSOR_HELP:            cursorfont.XC_question_arrow,  # NQR
            self.CURSOR_NO:              cursorfont.XC_pirate,          # NQR
            self.CURSOR_SIZE:            cursorfont.XC_fleur,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_UP:         cursorfont.XC_top_side,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_UP_RIGHT:   cursorfont.XC_top_right_corner,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_RIGHT:      cursorfont.XC_right_side,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_DOWN_RIGHT: cursorfont.XC_bottom_right_corner,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_DOWN:       cursorfont.XC_bottom_side,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_DOWN_LEFT:  cursorfont.XC_bottom_left_corner,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_LEFT:       cursorfont.XC_left_side,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_UP_LEFT:    cursorfont.XC_top_left_corner,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_UP_DOWN:    cursorfont.XC_sb_v_double_arrow,
            self.CURSOR_SIZE_LEFT_RIGHT: cursorfont.XC_sb_h_double_arrow,
            self.CURSOR_TEXT:            cursorfont.XC_xterm,
            self.CURSOR_WAIT:            cursorfont.XC_watch,
            self.CURSOR_WAIT_ARROW:      cursorfont.XC_watch,           # NQR
        }
        if name not in cursor_shapes:
            raise MouseCursorException('Unknown cursor name "%s"' % name)
        cursor = xlib.XCreateFontCursor(self._x_display, cursor_shapes[name])
        return XlibMouseCursor(cursor)

    def set_icon(self, *images):
        # Careful!  XChangeProperty takes an array of long when data type
        # is 32-bit (but long can be 64 bit!), so pad high bytes of format if
        # necessary.

        import sys
        fmt = {('little', 4): 'BGRA',
               ('little', 8): 'BGRAAAAA',
               ('big', 4):    'ARGB',
               ('big', 8):    'AAAAARGB'}[(sys.byteorder, sizeof(c_ulong))]

        data = asbytes('')
        for image in images:
            image = image.get_image_data()
            pitch = -(image.width * len(fmt))
            s = c_buffer(sizeof(c_ulong) * 2)
            memmove(s, cast((c_ulong * 2)(image.width, image.height), POINTER(c_ubyte)), len(s))
            data += s.raw + image.get_data(fmt, pitch)
        buffer = (c_ubyte * len(data))()
        memmove(buffer, data, len(data))
        atom = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('_NET_WM_ICON'), False)
        xlib.XChangeProperty(self._x_display, self._window, atom, XA_CARDINAL,
                             32, xlib.PropModeReplace, buffer, len(data)//sizeof(c_ulong))

    # Private utility

    def _set_wm_normal_hints(self):
        hints = xlib.XAllocSizeHints().contents
        if self._minimum_size:
            hints.flags |= xlib.PMinSize
            hints.min_width, hints.min_height = self._minimum_size
        if self._maximum_size:
            hints.flags |= xlib.PMaxSize
            hints.max_width, hints.max_height = self._maximum_size
        xlib.XSetWMNormalHints(self._x_display, self._window, byref(hints))

    def _set_text_property(self, name, value, allow_utf8=True):
        atom = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes(name), False)
        if not atom:
            raise XlibException('Undefined atom "%s"' % name)
        text_property = xlib.XTextProperty()
        if _have_utf8 and allow_utf8:
            buf = create_string_buffer(value.encode('utf8'))
            result = xlib.Xutf8TextListToTextProperty(self._x_display,
                                                      cast(pointer(buf), c_char_p),
                                                      1, xlib.XUTF8StringStyle,
                                                      byref(text_property))
            if result < 0:
                raise XlibException('Could not create UTF8 text property')
        else:
            buf = create_string_buffer(value.encode('ascii', 'ignore'))
            result = xlib.XStringListToTextProperty(
                cast(pointer(buf), c_char_p), 1, byref(text_property))
            if result < 0:
                raise XlibException('Could not create text property')
        xlib.XSetTextProperty(self._x_display, self._window, byref(text_property), atom)
        # XXX <rj> Xlib doesn't like us freeing this
        # xlib.XFree(text_property.value)

    def _set_atoms_property(self, name, values, mode=xlib.PropModeReplace):
        name_atom = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes(name), False)
        atoms = []
        for value in values:
            atoms.append(xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes(value), False))
        atom_type = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('ATOM'), False)
        if len(atoms):
            atoms_ar = (xlib.Atom * len(atoms))(*atoms)
            xlib.XChangeProperty(self._x_display, self._window,
                                 name_atom, atom_type, 32, mode,
                                 cast(pointer(atoms_ar), POINTER(c_ubyte)), len(atoms))
        else:
            net_wm_state = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('_NET_WM_STATE'), False)
            if net_wm_state:
                xlib.XDeleteProperty(self._x_display, self._window, net_wm_state)

    def _set_wm_state(self, *states):
        # Set property
        net_wm_state = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('_NET_WM_STATE'), False)
        atoms = []
        for state in states:
            atoms.append(xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes(state), False))
        atom_type = xlib.XInternAtom(self._x_display, asbytes('ATOM'), False)
        if len(atoms):
            atoms_ar = (xlib.Atom * len(atoms))(*atoms)
            xlib.XChangeProperty(self._x_display, self._window,
                                 net_wm_state, atom_type, 32, xlib.PropModePrepend,
                                 cast(pointer(atoms_ar), POINTER(c_ubyte)), len(atoms))
        else:
            xlib.XDeleteProperty(self._x_display, self._window, net_wm_state)

        # Nudge the WM
        e = xlib.XEvent()
        e.xclient.type = xlib.ClientMessage
        e.xclient.message_type = net_wm_state
        e.xclient.display = cast(self._x_display, POINTER(xlib.Display))
        e.xclient.window = self._window
        e.xclient.format = 32
        e.xclient.data.l[0] = xlib.PropModePrepend
        for i, atom in enumerate(atoms):
            e.xclient.data.l[i + 1] = atom
        xlib.XSendEvent(self._x_display, self._get_root(),
                        False, xlib.SubstructureRedirectMask, byref(e))

    # Event handling

    def dispatch_events(self):
        self.dispatch_pending_events()

        self._allow_dispatch_event = True

        e = xlib.XEvent()

        # Cache these in case window is closed from an event handler
        _x_display = self._x_display
        _window = self._window
        _view = self._view

        # Check for the events specific to this window
        while xlib.XCheckWindowEvent(_x_display, _window, 0x1ffffff, byref(e)):
            # Key events are filtered by the xlib window event
            # handler so they get a shot at the prefiltered event.
            if e.xany.type not in (xlib.KeyPress, xlib.KeyRelease):
                if xlib.XFilterEvent(e, 0):
                    continue
            self.dispatch_platform_event(e)

        # Check for the events specific to this view
        while xlib.XCheckWindowEvent(_x_display, _view, 0x1ffffff, byref(e)):
            # Key events are filtered by the xlib window event
            # handler so they get a shot at the prefiltered event.
            if e.xany.type not in (xlib.KeyPress, xlib.KeyRelease):
                if xlib.XFilterEvent(e, 0):
                    continue
            self.dispatch_platform_event_view(e)

        # Generic events for this window (the window close event).
        while xlib.XCheckTypedWindowEvent(_x_display, _window, xlib.ClientMessage, byref(e)):
            self.dispatch_platform_event(e)

        self._allow_dispatch_event = False

    def dispatch_pending_events(self):
        while self._event_queue:
            EventDispatcher.dispatch_event(self, *self._event_queue.pop(0))

        # Dispatch any context-related events
        if self._lost_context:
            self._lost_context = False
            EventDispatcher.dispatch_event(self, 'on_context_lost')
        if self._lost_context_state:
            self._lost_context_state = False
            EventDispatcher.dispatch_event(self, 'on_context_state_lost')

    def dispatch_platform_event(self, e):
        if self._applied_mouse_exclusive is None:
            self._update_exclusivity()
        event_handler = self._event_handlers.get(e.type)
        if event_handler:
            event_handler(e)

    def dispatch_platform_event_view(self, e):
        event_handler = self._view_event_handlers.get(e.type)
        if event_handler:
            event_handler(e)

    @staticmethod
    def _translate_modifiers(state):
        modifiers = 0
        if state & xlib.ShiftMask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_SHIFT
        if state & xlib.ControlMask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_CTRL
        if state & xlib.LockMask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_CAPSLOCK
        if state & xlib.Mod1Mask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_ALT
        if state & xlib.Mod2Mask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_NUMLOCK
        if state & xlib.Mod4Mask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_WINDOWS
        if state & xlib.Mod5Mask:
            modifiers |= key.MOD_SCROLLLOCK
        return modifiers

    # Event handlers
    """
    def _event_symbol(self, event):
        # pyglet.self.key keysymbols are identical to X11 keysymbols, no
        # need to map the keysymbol.
        symbol = xlib.XKeycodeToKeysym(self._x_display, event.xkey.keycode, 0)
        if symbol == 0:
            # XIM event
            return None
        elif symbol not in key._key_names.keys():
            symbol = key.user_key(event.xkey.keycode)
        return symbol
    """

    def _event_text_symbol(self, ev):
        text = None
        symbol = xlib.KeySym()
        buffer = create_string_buffer(128)

        # Look up raw keysym before XIM filters it (default for keypress and
        # keyrelease)
        count = xlib.XLookupString(ev.xkey, buffer, len(buffer) - 1, byref(symbol), None)

        # Give XIM a shot
        filtered = xlib.XFilterEvent(ev, ev.xany.window)

        if ev.type == xlib.KeyPress and not filtered:
            status = c_int()
            if _have_utf8:
                encoding = 'utf8'
                count = xlib.Xutf8LookupString(self._x_ic,
                                               ev.xkey,
                                               buffer, len(buffer) - 1,
                                               byref(symbol), byref(status))
                if status.value == xlib.XBufferOverflow:
                    raise NotImplementedError('TODO: XIM buffer resize')

            else:
                encoding = 'ascii'
                count = xlib.XLookupString(ev.xkey, buffer, len(buffer) - 1, byref(symbol), None)
                if count:
                    status.value = xlib.XLookupBoth

            if status.value & (xlib.XLookupChars | xlib.XLookupBoth):
                text = buffer.value[:count].decode(encoding)

            # Don't treat Unicode command codepoints as text, except Return.
            if text and unicodedata.category(text) == 'Cc' and text != '\r':
                text = None

        symbol = symbol.value

        # If the event is a XIM filtered event, the keysym will be virtual
        # (e.g., aacute instead of A after a dead key).  Drop it, we don't
        # want these kind of key events.
        if ev.xkey.keycode == 0 and not filtered:
            symbol = None

        # pyglet.self.key keysymbols are identical to X11 keysymbols, no
        # need to map the keysymbol.  For keysyms outside the pyglet set, map
        # raw key code to a user key.
        if symbol and symbol not in key._key_names and ev.xkey.keycode:
            # Issue 353: Symbol is uppercase when shift key held down.
            try:
                symbol = ord(chr(symbol).lower())
            except ValueError:
                # Not a valid unichr, use the keycode
                symbol = key.user_key(ev.xkey.keycode)
            else:
                # If still not recognised, use the keycode
                if symbol not in key._key_names:
                    symbol = key.user_key(ev.xkey.keycode)

        if filtered:
            # The event was filtered, text must be ignored, but the symbol is
            # still good.
            return None, symbol

        return text, symbol

    @staticmethod
    def _event_text_motion(symbol, modifiers):
        if modifiers & key.MOD_ALT:
            return None
        ctrl = modifiers & key.MOD_CTRL != 0
        return _motion_map.get((symbol, ctrl), None)

    @ViewEventHandler
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.KeyPress)
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.KeyRelease)
    def _event_key_view(self, ev):
        # Try to detect autorepeat ourselves if the server doesn't support it
        # XXX: Doesn't always work, better off letting the server do it
        global _can_detect_autorepeat
        if not _can_detect_autorepeat and ev.type == xlib.KeyRelease:
            # Look in the queue for a matching KeyPress with same timestamp,
            # indicating an auto-repeat rather than actual key event.
            saved = []
            while True:
                auto_event = xlib.XEvent()
                result = xlib.XCheckWindowEvent(self._x_display,
                                                self._window, xlib.KeyPress|xlib.KeyRelease,
                                                byref(auto_event))
                if not result:
                    break
                saved.append(auto_event)
                if auto_event.type == xlib.KeyRelease:
                    # just save this off for restoration back to the queue
                    continue
                if ev.xkey.keycode == auto_event.xkey.keycode:
                    # Found a key repeat: dispatch EVENT_TEXT* event
                    text, symbol = self._event_text_symbol(auto_event)
                    modifiers = self._translate_modifiers(ev.xkey.state)
                    modifiers_ctrl = modifiers & (key.MOD_CTRL | key.MOD_ALT)
                    motion = self._event_text_motion(symbol, modifiers)
                    if motion:
                        if modifiers & key.MOD_SHIFT:
                            self.dispatch_event(
                                'on_text_motion_select', motion)
                        else:
                            self.dispatch_event('on_text_motion', motion)
                    elif text and not modifiers_ctrl:
                        self.dispatch_event('on_text', text)

                    ditched = saved.pop()
                    for auto_event in reversed(saved):
                        xlib.XPutBackEvent(self._x_display, byref(auto_event))
                    return
                else:
                    # Key code of press did not match, therefore no repeating
                    # is going on, stop searching.
                    break
            # Whoops, put the events back, it's for real.
            for auto_event in reversed(saved):
                xlib.XPutBackEvent(self._x_display, byref(auto_event))

        text, symbol = self._event_text_symbol(ev)
        modifiers = self._translate_modifiers(ev.xkey.state)
        modifiers_ctrl = modifiers & (key.MOD_CTRL | key.MOD_ALT)
        motion = self._event_text_motion(symbol, modifiers)

        if ev.type == xlib.KeyPress:
            if symbol and (not _can_detect_autorepeat or symbol not in self.pressed_keys):
                self.dispatch_event('on_key_press', symbol, modifiers)
                if _can_detect_autorepeat:
                    self.pressed_keys.add(symbol)
            if motion:
                if modifiers & key.MOD_SHIFT:
                    self.dispatch_event('on_text_motion_select', motion)
                else:
                    self.dispatch_event('on_text_motion', motion)
            elif text and not modifiers_ctrl:
                self.dispatch_event('on_text', text)
        elif ev.type == xlib.KeyRelease:
            if symbol:
                self.dispatch_event('on_key_release', symbol, modifiers)
                if _can_detect_autorepeat and symbol in self.pressed_keys:
                    self.pressed_keys.remove(symbol)

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.KeyPress)
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.KeyRelease)
    def _event_key(self, ev):
        return self._event_key_view(ev)

    @ViewEventHandler
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.MotionNotify)
    def _event_motionnotify_view(self, ev):
        x = ev.xmotion.x
        y = self.height - ev.xmotion.y

        if self._mouse_in_window:
            dx = x - self._mouse_x
            dy = y - self._mouse_y
        else:
            dx = dy = 0

        if self._applied_mouse_exclusive \
                and (ev.xmotion.x, ev.xmotion.y) == self._mouse_exclusive_client:
            # Ignore events caused by XWarpPointer
            self._mouse_x = x
            self._mouse_y = y
            return

        if self._applied_mouse_exclusive:
            # Reset pointer position
            ex, ey = self._mouse_exclusive_client
            xlib.XWarpPointer(self._x_display,
                              0,
                              self._window,
                              0, 0,
                              0, 0,
                              ex, ey)

        self._mouse_x = x
        self._mouse_y = y
        self._mouse_in_window = True

        buttons = 0
        if ev.xmotion.state & xlib.Button1MotionMask:
            buttons |= mouse.LEFT
        if ev.xmotion.state & xlib.Button2MotionMask:
            buttons |= mouse.MIDDLE
        if ev.xmotion.state & xlib.Button3MotionMask:
            buttons |= mouse.RIGHT

        if buttons:
            # Drag event
            modifiers = self._translate_modifiers(ev.xmotion.state)
            self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_drag', x, y, dx, dy, buttons, modifiers)
        else:
            # Motion event
            self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_motion', x, y, dx, dy)

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.MotionNotify)
    def _event_motionnotify(self, ev):
        # Window motion looks for drags that are outside the view but within
        # the window.
        buttons = 0
        if ev.xmotion.state & xlib.Button1MotionMask:
            buttons |= mouse.LEFT
        if ev.xmotion.state & xlib.Button2MotionMask:
            buttons |= mouse.MIDDLE
        if ev.xmotion.state & xlib.Button3MotionMask:
            buttons |= mouse.RIGHT

        if buttons:
            # Drag event
            x = ev.xmotion.x - self._view_x
            y = self._height - (ev.xmotion.y - self._view_y)

            if self._mouse_in_window:
                dx = x - self._mouse_x
                dy = y - self._mouse_y
            else:
                dx = dy = 0
            self._mouse_x = x
            self._mouse_y = y

            modifiers = self._translate_modifiers(ev.xmotion.state)
            self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_drag', x, y, dx, dy, buttons, modifiers)

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.ClientMessage)
    def _event_clientmessage(self, ev):
        atom = ev.xclient.data.l[0]
        if atom == xlib.XInternAtom(ev.xclient.display, asbytes('WM_DELETE_WINDOW'), False):
            self.dispatch_event('on_close')
        elif (self._enable_xsync and
              atom == xlib.XInternAtom(ev.xclient.display,
                                       asbytes('_NET_WM_SYNC_REQUEST'), False)):
            lo = ev.xclient.data.l[2]
            hi = ev.xclient.data.l[3]
            self._current_sync_value = xsync.XSyncValue(hi, lo)

    def _sync_resize(self):
        if self._enable_xsync and self._current_sync_valid:
            if xsync.XSyncValueIsZero(self._current_sync_value):
                self._current_sync_valid = False
                return
            xsync.XSyncSetCounter(self._x_display,
                                  self._sync_counter,
                                  self._current_sync_value)
            self._current_sync_value = None
            self._current_sync_valid = False

    @ViewEventHandler
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.ButtonPress)
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.ButtonRelease)
    def _event_button(self, ev):
        x = ev.xbutton.x
        y = self.height - ev.xbutton.y
        button = 1 << (ev.xbutton.button - 1)  # 1, 2, 3 -> 1, 2, 4
        modifiers = self._translate_modifiers(ev.xbutton.state)
        if ev.type == xlib.ButtonPress:
            # override_redirect issue: manually activate this window if
            # fullscreen.
            if self._override_redirect and not self._active:
                self.activate()

            if ev.xbutton.button == 4:
                self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_scroll', x, y, 0, 1)
            elif ev.xbutton.button == 5:
                self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_scroll', x, y, 0, -1)
            elif ev.xbutton.button < len(self._mouse_buttons):
                self._mouse_buttons[ev.xbutton.button] = True
                self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_press', x, y, button, modifiers)
        else:
            if ev.xbutton.button < 4:
                self._mouse_buttons[ev.xbutton.button] = False
                self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_release', x, y, button, modifiers)

    @ViewEventHandler
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.Expose)
    def _event_expose(self, ev):
        # Ignore all expose events except the last one. We could be told
        # about exposure rects - but I don't see the point since we're
        # working with OpenGL and we'll just redraw the whole scene.
        if ev.xexpose.count > 0:
            return
        self.dispatch_event('on_expose')

    @ViewEventHandler
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.EnterNotify)
    def _event_enternotify(self, ev):
        # figure active mouse buttons
        # XXX ignore modifier state?
        state = ev.xcrossing.state
        self._mouse_buttons[1] = state & xlib.Button1Mask
        self._mouse_buttons[2] = state & xlib.Button2Mask
        self._mouse_buttons[3] = state & xlib.Button3Mask
        self._mouse_buttons[4] = state & xlib.Button4Mask
        self._mouse_buttons[5] = state & xlib.Button5Mask

        # mouse position
        x = self._mouse_x = ev.xcrossing.x
        y = self._mouse_y = self.height - ev.xcrossing.y
        self._mouse_in_window = True

        # XXX there may be more we could do here
        self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_enter', x, y)

    @ViewEventHandler
    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.LeaveNotify)
    def _event_leavenotify(self, ev):
        x = self._mouse_x = ev.xcrossing.x
        y = self._mouse_y = self.height - ev.xcrossing.y
        self._mouse_in_window = False
        self.dispatch_event('on_mouse_leave', x, y)

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.ConfigureNotify)
    def _event_configurenotify(self, ev):
        if self._enable_xsync and self._current_sync_value:
            self._current_sync_valid = True

        if self._fullscreen:
            return

        self.switch_to()

        w, h = ev.xconfigure.width, ev.xconfigure.height
        x, y = ev.xconfigure.x, ev.xconfigure.y
        if self._width != w or self._height != h:
            self._width = w
            self._height = h
            self._update_view_size()
            self.dispatch_event('on_resize', self._width, self._height)
        if self._x != x or self._y != y:
            self.dispatch_event('on_move', x, y)
            self._x = x
            self._y = y

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.FocusIn)
    def _event_focusin(self, ev):
        self._active = True
        self._update_exclusivity()
        self.dispatch_event('on_activate')
        xlib.XSetICFocus(self._x_ic)

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.FocusOut)
    def _event_focusout(self, ev):
        self._active = False
        self._update_exclusivity()
        self.dispatch_event('on_deactivate')
        xlib.XUnsetICFocus(self._x_ic)

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.MapNotify)
    def _event_mapnotify(self, ev):
        self._mapped = True
        self.dispatch_event('on_show')
        self._update_exclusivity()

    @XlibEventHandler(xlib.UnmapNotify)
    def _event_unmapnotify(self, ev):
        self._mapped = False
        self.dispatch_event('on_hide')
